Surgery is a cornerstone of breast cancer treatment in the UK, particularly for early and locally advanced disease. The primary goal is to remove cancer while preserving function and appearance whenever possible.

The two main types of breast surgery are breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) and mastectomy. Breast-conserving surgery removes the tumour with a margin of healthy tissue and is usually followed by radiotherapy. Mastectomy involves removal of the entire breast and may be recommended depending on tumour size, location, or patient choice.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is commonly performed to assess whether cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. If cancer is detected, further lymph node surgery may be required.

Reconstructive surgery is widely available in the UK and may be performed at the same time as mastectomy or at a later stage. Options include implant-based reconstruction or reconstruction using the patient’s own tissue.

Surgeons aim to balance effective cancer control with cosmetic outcomes. Oncoplastic techniques combine cancer surgery with plastic surgery principles to improve breast appearance.

Recovery from breast surgery varies depending on the procedure. Patients receive guidance on wound care, arm exercises, and managing discomfort. Follow-up appointments monitor healing and plan further treatment if needed.

Surgical care in the UK prioritizes safety, informed consent, and personalized decision-making.